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Thursday, December 20, 2012

Jesus, Our King

This sermon was preached at Holy Spirit Anglican Church, San Diego on November 25, 2012.  The audio version can be found on the sermons page of the church's website.  In the audio, the order of things is changed a little, as I felt it flowed better that way, and there is some added material which was not previously written out.

                Any good detective story ends with a great twist.  Perhaps the best person at telling such a story, a whodunit, is Agatha Christie.  Each of her crime novels tells the story of a murder and develops characters is incredible detail.  One of her super sleuths works their way through the characters, through the different stories and the crime scene, and comes up with the conclusion.  In the best stories, all of the clues were there for you to figure out, but it often takes the final unveiling to reveal the key that fits everything together.
                In some way, Jesus puts us through such a story.  All along in his ministry he is dropping clues regarding who he is and how people should understand him.  The Gospel of Mark, particularly, is written almost like a whodunit.  It asks the question throughout, who is this Son of Man.  Jesus uses this term to describe himself throughout his life, Son of Man.  And it isn’t until the end of the story that we find out what that means.
                Our Gospel reading is the great unveiling at the end of the detective story.  Jesus is asked, while on trial, if he is the Christ, the Son of the Blessed One.  Jesus answers, “I am, and you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of the Mighty One and coming on the clouds of heaven.”  This is the key to the mystery, it fits all of the clues, and reveals the astounding identity of this one who had walked the roads of Israel for three years.  It is a shocking answer, as the high priest tears his clothes as a sign of blasphemy.  However, we don’t appreciate the shock of this because we’ve just read the conclusion of the story rather than the whole book.  We’re like those people who read the last page of the book before they start.  In order to understand this, to get all of the clues to which Jesus is referring, we need to turn back the pages in the story to the book of Daniel, chapter 7, which is where our Old Testament was read from this morning.
                As we look at this vision of the prophet Daniel we meet the Son of Man, who is the divine king who rules forever.
                Our reading from Daniel comes in the middle of the prophet’s vision.  Daniel is a Jew who is exiled in Babylon, far away from his home of Jerusalem.  He has been taken captive and his people suffer under the tyrannical rule of a pagan kingdom.  Chapter 7 begins by describing a vision which he had in the night.  He sees four beasts coming up out of the sea (the sea represents chaos in the Hebrew mind).  The first three beast are described as animals; a lion with wings like an eagle, a bear with three ribs in its mouth, and a leopard with four wings like a bird.  These represent nations of the earth.  They are strange enough, but then there is a fourth beast.  Daniel, in chapter 7 verses 7-8, describes this beast.  “After that, in my vision at night I looked, and there before me was a fourth beast-- terrifying and frightening and very powerful. It had large iron teeth; it crushed and devoured its victims and trampled underfoot whatever was left. It was different from all the former beasts, and it had ten horns.  While I was thinking about the horns, there before me was another horn, a little one, which came up among them; and three of the first horns were uprooted before it. This horn had eyes like the eyes of a human being and a mouth that spoke boastfully.”  This beast is so terrifying that Daniel cannot describe it.  No animal which he knows of is like it.  Everything about it is horrifying; it has large teeth, two rows, they are made of iron, and ten horns.  It crushes and devours its victims and tramples them underfoot.  On top of that, there are great boast coming from one of its horns.  All of these are descriptions of great power, power that rebels against God.  And, understandably Daniel is worried.  If the other beasts represented empires in the world, this one describes the ultimate evil kingdom. 
                This is where we pick up in our reading.  After describing this great worldly power, we are transported into the heavenly throne room, where God directs and rules the course of human history.  God is described as the Ancient of Days, meaning that he is everlasting.  His clothing and hair is white, which tells us of his purity.  The fire which surrounds him and flows from his throne represents his holiness, that quality which flows from God’s purity.  While the beast boasts of its own power with its little horn, God receives the worship and adoration of thousands upon thousands who serve him and stand before him.  He does not need to boast, as all creation recognizes his greatness.  Finally, the last part of the description of God’s throne room sets up a conflict for us.  We are told that the court is seated and the books are opened.  These books are the books of judgment, the record of the righteous and the wicked. 
                So we have these two characters, the unstoppable beast and the everliving God, and the scene is set for judgment.  Who is going to win?  The text deals with that rather quickly.  The beast makes the first move and starts boasting.  However, the Ancient of Days simply slays the beast, destroys it, and its body is thrown into the fire of his holiness.  No contest.  God wins.
                Before Daniel can react and give praise for this great victory another character enters the scene: the son of man.  This term can be used in the Bible to denote a human being, meaning son of Adam.  C. S. Lewis picks up on this usage in his Chronicles of Narnia, when the four children who enter the world Narnia are calls Son of Adam and Daughter of Even.  However, the way this son of man is described suggests something more than just a human being.  He is the son of man, coming with the clouds of heaven.  This description of the clouds reminds us of times in the Bible when God shows up.  In Deuteronomy 33, Moses describes God by saying, “There is no one like the God of Jeshurun, who rides across the heavens to help you and on the clouds in his majesty.”  Psalm 18:9 tells of a time when God “parted the heavens and came down; dark clouds were under his feet.”  These descriptions are throughout the Old Testament and applied to God, and here they are applied to this Son of Man. 
This cloud-rider enters the presence of the Ancient of Days and receives the fruit of his victory.  Whereas the beast had boasted of power over all the earth, the Son of Man receives a kingdom which rules over all people.  We are told that, “He was given authority, glory and sovereign power; all peoples, nations and men of every language worshipped him.”  What is given the Son of Man is a kingdom; he is given all the tools which he needs to rule over all people, and in their turn people worship him.  He has the authority to command activities in his kingdom, he has the glory of God himself, and the power to do what he commands.  These are important attributes, because they are at other times used to describe God.  For example; in Isaiah 45:11, God tells us that he alone is Lord and he will not share his glory with another.  We are told throughout the Old Testament that God alone is to be worshipped, yet here we have the Son of Man being worshipped.  What do these clues mean?
The final description that we have of this Son of Man is of his kingdom.  The beasts was a temporal being, it passed away and was destroyed.  However, the kingdom of the Son of Man is “an everlasting dominion that will not pass away, and his kingdom is one that will never be destroyed.”  The rule of this Son of Man is eternal.  God had promised such a thing to the kingdom of Israel in his covenant with David.  In 1 Chronicles, God promised David, “I will be his father, and he will be my son. I will never take my love away from him, as I took it away from your predecessor.  I will set him over my house and my kingdom forever; his throne will be established forever.”  And here, in Daniel 7, the Son of Man takes the reigns of an everlasting kingdom which will never be destroyed.  He is the divine king who rules forever.
These are the clues given to us.  Many in between the times of Daniel’s vision and the time of Christ, in what’s known as the Intertestamental Period, wondered about these clues.  Who is this one?  He is described in so many ways like God, but he is distinct.  He is described as a divine being, a king like only Yahweh could be, and he has an everlasting kingdom.  Is he God as well?  How could this be, if God is one?  If God is one, why are there multiple thrones set up in this vision?  Later in Daniel’s vision, it seems like this Son of Man also represents the faithful of God.  How could this one be the divine king and also one of them?
Like a good mystery novel, we have to wait until the last chapter to get the twist, the conclusion which fits together these clues.  And we get it on that terrible night of the trial of Christ.  Standing before the High Priest, Jesus answers that “I am the Messiah, the Son of the Blessed One, and you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of the Mighty One and coming on the clouds of heaven.”  He claims to be that one, that divine king who rules forever.  No wonder the high priest tears his robes; because Jesus is either the very presence of God, filled with his glory, or he has just made the most offensive statement possible.  And, in the high priest’s mind, it can only be the second option. 
Why?  Because the person who stands before him looks nothing like a king.  He is haggard after being struck by the officers of the high priests.  The spit of one of those officers still runs down his beard.  He is handcuffed.  How could this divine warrior, the Son of Man, look like this?  But that is the nature of the kingdom of Christ.  In John’s Gospel we are told about Jesus’ conversation with Pontius Pilate.  “Are you a king?” Pilate asks.  Jesus answers, “My kingdom is not of this world. If it were, my servants would fight to prevent my arrest by the Jewish leaders. But now my kingdom is from another place.”  He kingdom is not of this world and he wins his great victory in a way that he don’t expect.  Jesus defeats the great empire of evil and sin, through the shedding of his own blood rather than the blood of his enemies.  The king gives himself up for the sake of the kingdom.  And by doing so, he receives a kingdom and passes it on to us.  Just before he ascends to heaven, Jesus gathers his disciples to himself and tells them, “All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, and teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you. And surely I am with you always, to the very end of the age.”  All authority has been given to him, just as Daniel saw.  And here he sends his servants out, to proclaim the kingdom of the divine king who rules forever.
So this is the twist at the end: these clues of a divine king who is like God and like men, who rules forever, is solved in Jesus Christ.  He is the Son of Man, fully God and fully Man, who wins a great victory over evil and reigns by his Father’s side forever.  Now that we have solved the puzzle, how does this apply to us?
Daniel received the vision of the divine king who rules forever.  He saws this vision in the night, when he was in exile, when his people were subjugated.  In response to the great evil in the world, the Lord God showed Daniel that he was ultimately in control.  Even though the beasts of the world seemed terrifying beyond words, God would bring judgment, and His judgment would put a swift end to this evil.  He reminded Daniel, through the Son of Man, that God had a plan for his people, in which a king who was like them and like him rules forever.  This was a great comfort to Daniel.  Despite the evil surrounding him, God was assuredly in control.  Nothing could stop his plan.  And, from this vision, Daniel is given hope for the future.  It will not always be as it is now, but God will bring about a different time when the saints of God flourish in a peaceful kingdom, ruled by this Son of Man.
This comfort and hope which was given to Daniel are given to us as well, as we realize who the Son of Man is.  He is the divine king who rules forever, which means that no matter what evil befalls us, God is in control.  No matter the unrest around the world, the uncertainty of the economy here, or the unrest and chaos in our own homes and our own hearts, the Lord God reigns.  The Son of Man has received his kingdom, he rules forever, and no evil will stop him from fulfilling his plan, in which the saints of God enjoy rest from their troubles and the joy of God’s presence.  Through the knowledge that Christ is our King, we, too, have comfort and hope.
And yet, we should not forget how our king won his kingdom from the great evil empire.  He won it through a cross, after standing before the powers of his day with a torn, tattered and blood spatter robe.  Although he reigns forever, he does not promise us that life will not be hard.  As our king, he suffered, therefore, we expect to suffer as well.  That is part of being a subject in the kingdom of heaven.  The paradox of this kingdom is that in suffering, we still have comfort and hope, because our kings kingdom is not of this world.  This is the fact that keeps so many Christians being persecuted throughout the world joyous in their faith.  They know that Christ is our King, the divine king who rules forever.  John Calvin, 16th century theologian, put it this way.  “Thus it is that we may patiently pass through this life with its misery, hunger, cold, contempt, reproaches, and other troubles—content with this one thing: that our King will never leave us destitute, but will provide for our needs until, our warfare ended, we are called to triumph.”

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